Fort Duquesne And French Soldier

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Fort Duquesne and vicinity.

John Pershing, A Member Of The Lost Battalion

*Frederick Pershing (1724-1794) was a Huguenot from Alsace and immigrated to America in 1749. He moved to Western Pennsylvania in 1769 and settled on land in what is now Westmoreland County. *Ancestor of General John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing

An Area Of Western Pennsylvania

His [Frederick's] younger brother John joined him in shortly after he moved to Westmoreland. John was a member of Captain Stokely's Company during the Revolutionary War and was killed during the Lochry Expedition in 1781.   [Indiana Library/Archives, Pershing family papers S0842]

The article by another Pershing descendant, **Edgar J. Pershing, in the National Genealogical Society Quarterly, Vol. XVI, Sept., 1928, No. 3, told the story of Lochry's Expedition in the Lost Battalion of the Revolutionary War, PA.  **Edgar J. Pershing also wrote The Pershing Family In America... .

John Pershing perished in the ambush of Lochry and his soldiers; he left no descendants. 

French Soldiers In 1755

Narrative and critical history of America, Volume 5

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French Soldiers Circa 1710

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Charles Lewis Piquette's Estate

Michigan Probate Records...Wayne Probate packets 1876...:

Wayne County, Michigan

Probate File# 8187

Piquette, Charles Louis

Image 45

Image 51

"...an American subject temporarily living in France...".

John Cameron listed creditor...

Arrayed Upon Opposite Sides

Texas And The Louisiana Territory

From the Magazine Of American History:

In the European complications that arose towards the close of the eighteenth century, France and Spain were arrayed upon the opposite sides of a struggle, one of the results of which was that Spain was compelled to make a retrocession of the territory acquired from France by the treaty of 1763; viz., Louisiana and the island of Orleans. This retrocession was consummated by the secret treaty of San Ilefonso (1801) and shortly after (1803) the wrested domain passed by purchase from France to the possession of the United States.

Native of St. Malo In France

Lower Canada, declarations of aliens : H-1154:

Image 246

29 November 1794

Native of St. Malo

With The Acadians

Jacque Paradis

The English And French In North America

Source

Enroute To Ste. Genevieve

In descending the Mississippi River with products of his farm and mills, he was captured by pirates, who subsequently released him, with his crew and cargo, for a small ransom paid in pork and flour. New Orleans then belonged to Spain, and pirates and robbers infested the land, but they did not prevent Israel Dodge from his extended journeys. 

DAR Marker - El Camino Real
New Madrid, Cape Girardeau, Ste. Genevieve, St. Louis
Missouri

It was on one of those saddle-rides, from Bairdstown to Ste. Genevieve, by land that his oldest son Henry was born at the French Post Vincennes on the Wabash; 

Historic Vincennes (Indiana)

his parents being detained at that post, in consequence of high waters on the river. Henry was so named for a gunsmith (Moses Henry), who saved the life of the infant boy when but a few weeks old... .[Source]

Who Governed Michigan?

The tract of territory now embraced in the State of Michigan derives its name probably from the Indian word Michisawgyegan, signifying a Great Lake. [Source]

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1609 - Virginia claimed the whole northwest to the Mississippi under her colonial charter of 1609... . [Source]  Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New York also had various claims upon what is now Michigan.

1615

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French Posts - Detroit 1686

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"We have also seen that they [the French] took actual possession of New France by numerous though widely scattered settlements comprising many fortresses and more than sixty military trading and missionary posts all in a region wholly uninhabited by the English (including Mackinac, Sault Ste. Marie and Detroit)." [Source]  "The French...were firmly united under one government centered at Quebec."

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18 September 1759:

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"...it should be remembered that one of the objects of the settlement of Detroit was to secure and maintain the supremacy of the French in this western region." [Source]

29 November 1760: Major Robert Rogers marched into Fort Pontchartrain (Detroit), and French rule in the Michigan peninsula was at an end. [Source]

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1780 - 1781 (Spain In Western Michigan)

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1783 - The history of Michigan as a territory of the United States has its origin in the Definitive Treaty of Peace signed at Paris September 3, 1783. [Source]

1 March 1784 - Virginia's cession of what is now Michigan was accepted by Congress. [Source]

Source

22 October 1784 - Treaty of Fort Stanwix (Six Nations)

21 January 1785 - Treaty of Fort McIntosh (Wyandot, Delaware, Chippewa, and Ottawa)

Congress was under the delusion that it had acquired the Indian title and full dominion of all the lands between this line and the Ohio river. The mischief of these travesties was soon discovered in new raids and murders perpetrated upon the settlers of the government lands by the very tribes...supposed to have ceded the territory. [Source] 

13 July 1787 - Michigan, having been surrendered to the United Stales in common with the other portions of the northwestern territory, it came immediately under the jurisdiction of the ordinance of 1787.

1788 -  The establishment of regular courts dates from July 24, 1788, when several districts were created by the Canadian council. Detroit was embraced in the District of Hesse... . [Source]

9 January 1789 - Treaty of Fort Harmar (Ottawa, Chippewa, Pottawatamie, Sac)

1792 - 1796:

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(11 July) 1796 - (Evacuation Day) Captain Porter first raised the American banner upon the soil of Michigan [Source]

Thus...Michigan was potentially born as an American Commonwealth. We say potentially because it was to be thirteen long years before it would be actually transferred to the de facto jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United States and nine years more before it would assume a separate and distinct identity under its own name and with its own boundaries. [Source]

1807 - The Indian title to the lower peninsula was, with slight exceptions, extinguished by four treaties, those of 1807, 1819, 1821, and 1836. The so-called treaty of Detroit (1807) ceded southeastern Michigan... . [Source]

1818 - 1836: From 1818 to 1836 the Territory now known the State of Wisconsin was a part of Michigan, and the territorial court of Detroit had jurisdiction that region as well. [Source]

Choiniere And Chouinard, Les Canadiens-Francais

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De Cognieres commune du dep de la Haute-Saone, arr. de Vesoul

The town [Cognieres is part of the district of Vesoul in the department of Haute-Saone, in the Burgundy-Franche-Comté region. As part of the cantonal redistribution of 2014 in France, the town is attached to the canton of Rioz. (Wikipedia)

De Chonas, commune du dep. de l'Isere, arr. de Vienne.  Vient du vieux francais choine, blanc, en parlant du pain.

Swinyer is the Anglicized version of one (or both) of the French names featured above.  Can't rule out Sweeney, Swinger, Swainard, etc.

There are DNA matches with Choiniere descendants, including one estimated to be my 2nd to 4th cousin and others who may be 3rd to 5th cousins.

Paulus Richards And Gelatie Jans

A brief bio of Paulus Richards:

Paulus Richards

"Paulus Richards was the son of a French nobleman...driven into Holland through religious persecution in 1650. ...in 1664 married Gelatie, daughter of the celebrated Anetje Jans."



The Paul Richards family (including Stephen, below) in A Genealogical Register of the Descendants of Several Ancient ..., Volume 3:

Information From New York wills, *L 11, p. 14

Will of Stephen Richards (online at FamilySearch):

Name: Stephen Richards

Probate Date: 19 Nov 1730

Probate Place: New York, New York, USA

*Will: 11-13; 11-14, etc.

Making Wine In France

A System of Modern Geography: Comprising a Description of the Present State ... [1843]:

Three Epochs Of Michigan

Michigan in 1839 History of Michigan book:

The Romantic, Military and Enterprising, epochs.  Michigan was admitted to the Union on January 26, 1837 as the 26th state.

Jacques Campau Helped To Settle Detroit

Source

The first Campau featured in the Family Records book was Étienne Campau, son of Leonard and Françoise (Maugé) Campau, who was an armurier (gunsmith) by trade.   Étienne married Catherine Paulo, who was identified as a Filles du Roi (Daughter of the King) at Wikitree.  The Filles du Roi were sent to Canada as prospective brides for the bachelors in the male-dominated, small population living there at the time.

Jacques Campau, the 9th child of Étienne and Catherine (Paulo) Campau, a gunsmith, left Montreal and settled in *Detroit.  Jacques (per his grandson's biography) 'had previously served as a secretary and an officer to Cadillac. Jacques sold furs, grains, and bread at "one of the finest merchant stores" in Detroit by the 1740s...'.  After Cadillac's departure from Detroit, the growing Campau family returned to Montreal, coming back to Detroit after a few years.

Captain Louis Kirke

Source: The Celtic magazine, Volume 6

"Further on we come to mention of Master Abraham's contemporary, Captain Louis Kirke, a Scots Calvinist in the service of Louis XIII, who, in 1629, hoisted his standard on the bastions of Fort Saint Louis as the 'Master of Quebec."'

Claude Petipas, Sieur de la Fleur

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Dantin/Petitpas

Judith Petitpas, aged 60 years, native of Port Royal, widow of the late Marc la Soude.  Judith was the granddaughter of Claude Peti(t)pas, Sieur de la Fleur. 

My niece and nephew are descendants of the Dantins and Petitpas families.

Seizure Of The Falkland Islands

Source

"Three events, important to England, took place in 1770; election petitions, the 'Boston Massacre," and Spain's seizure of the Falkland Islands." [Source]

The Mississippi Valley historical review (1914):

These islands [Falkland] were seized by the British in 1766. In 1770, a Spanish force expelled the small English garrison and took possession of Port Egmont. The downfall of [French Minister] Choiseul dissipated any hope of French aid [for Spain]. King Charles III agreed to restore the British garrison, but he still clung to the claim of sovereignty over the islands.

The Attempted Conquest Of Florida

Source

"The colonists were to number five hundred, of which one hundred should be soldiers, one hundred sailors, and the balance officials, and artisans, such as stone cutters, carpenters, locksmiths, sawyers, smiths, and barbers, all fully armed. Two hundred of the settlers were to be married, and at least one hundred were to be labourers and farmers. Aviles was authorised to divide out the land...among the settlers and to construct at least two towns, each of them to have not less than one hundred inhabitants and to be provided with a fort for its protection. The company was to include four members of the Society of Jesus, with ten or twelve monks of any order he saw fit... ." [Ibid] 

"He was ordered to reconnoitre the Gulf coast of the peninsula and from the Florida Keys as far north as Newfoundland... . 

"And finally came the main purpose of the asiento, the expulsion of the French." [Ibid]

Making Their Way To The Mississippi

From the Magazine Of American History:

English traders from the seaboard colonies had for some time prior to this been making their way as far west as the Mississippi, notwithstanding the distrust with which they were viewed by the French of Fort Rosalie (Natchez) and other river settlements. When West Florida came within English jurisdiction an Anglo-American immigration set in, which did not long continue, however, for England did not remain long in possession of the territory. A decade had scarce passed since its acquirement, when the contest for English liberty in America culminated in the American Revolution. In the war that followed, England soon found her old antagonist, France, espousing the cause of the Americans. Spain had offered to mediate between the contestants, but received a direct snub. Smarting under the real or fancied wrong, and seeing an opportunity of winning back the much-coveted fortress of Gibraltar, she allied herself with France and was soon actively engaged in hostilities (1779).