Who Governed Michigan?

The tract of territory now embraced in the State of Michigan derives its name probably from the Indian word Michisawgyegan, signifying a Great Lake. [Source]

Source

1609 - Virginia claimed the whole northwest to the Mississippi under her colonial charter of 1609... . [Source]  Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New York also had various claims upon what is now Michigan.

1615

Source

French Posts - Detroit 1686

Source

Source

"We have also seen that they [the French] took actual possession of New France by numerous though widely scattered settlements comprising many fortresses and more than sixty military trading and missionary posts all in a region wholly uninhabited by the English (including Mackinac, Sault Ste. Marie and Detroit)." [Source]  "The French...were firmly united under one government centered at Quebec."

Source

18 September 1759:

Source

"...it should be remembered that one of the objects of the settlement of Detroit was to secure and maintain the supremacy of the French in this western region." [Source]

29 November 1760: Major Robert Rogers marched into Fort Pontchartrain (Detroit), and French rule in the Michigan peninsula was at an end. [Source]

Source

Source

1780 - 1781 (Spain In Western Michigan)

Source

Source

1783 - The history of Michigan as a territory of the United States has its origin in the Definitive Treaty of Peace signed at Paris September 3, 1783. [Source]

1 March 1784 - Virginia's cession of what is now Michigan was accepted by Congress. [Source]

Source

22 October 1784 - Treaty of Fort Stanwix (Six Nations)

21 January 1785 - Treaty of Fort McIntosh (Wyandot, Delaware, Chippewa, and Ottawa)

Congress was under the delusion that it had acquired the Indian title and full dominion of all the lands between this line and the Ohio river. The mischief of these travesties was soon discovered in new raids and murders perpetrated upon the settlers of the government lands by the very tribes...supposed to have ceded the territory. [Source] 

13 July 1787 - Michigan, having been surrendered to the United Stales in common with the other portions of the northwestern territory, it came immediately under the jurisdiction of the ordinance of 1787.

1788 -  The establishment of regular courts dates from July 24, 1788, when several districts were created by the Canadian council. Detroit was embraced in the District of Hesse... . [Source]

9 January 1789 - Treaty of Fort Harmar (Ottawa, Chippewa, Pottawatamie, Sac)

1792 - 1796:

Source

(11 July) 1796 - (Evacuation Day) Captain Porter first raised the American banner upon the soil of Michigan [Source]

Thus...Michigan was potentially born as an American Commonwealth. We say potentially because it was to be thirteen long years before it would be actually transferred to the de facto jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United States and nine years more before it would assume a separate and distinct identity under its own name and with its own boundaries. [Source]

1807 - The Indian title to the lower peninsula was, with slight exceptions, extinguished by four treaties, those of 1807, 1819, 1821, and 1836. The so-called treaty of Detroit (1807) ceded southeastern Michigan... . [Source]

1818 - 1836: From 1818 to 1836 the Territory now known the State of Wisconsin was a part of Michigan, and the territorial court of Detroit had jurisdiction that region as well. [Source]